Both Islam and Christianity have given importance to individuals with mental and physical disabilities. However, in the Islamic tradition, especially in the early Islamic centuries, unlike Christianity, specific religious communities for the care of the disabled did not form. In Christianity, from its inception, there was a special regard for the disabled and their care alongside the care of the sick, which gradually became the responsibility of religious institutions, particularly monastic orders. In contrast, it was not a feature of the Islamic tradition for religious centers to undertake the care of the disabled and the sick, although the religious establishment was in contact with disabled individuals. Accordingly, the main question of this research is: what factor led to the different approaches of these religions towards the disabled? To answer this question, a comparative study of early and foundational Islamic and Christian texts has been conducted, and to analyze the differences, the social contexts of the emergence of the two religions have been examined. The findings of this research indicate that in the Greco-Roman tradition, due to the elimination of the disabled in infancy, Christianity sought to counter the previous pagan tradition and, while defining the care of the disabled as a moral virtue, gradually considered the care of the disabled as a responsibility of the religious institution. However, in the context of the emergence of Islam and the Islamic perspective, there was no negative image of the disabled in people's minds, and therefore, explicit instructions for their support were not issued. This contextual difference led to differences in action within the traditions of these religions, but in their view of the disabled, both religions equally respected them as creations of God.